Challenges In Automating Tanzania Academic Library Information Technology Essay

Challenges In Automating Tanzania Academic program subroutine depository library Information Technology EssayThe main aim of this paper is to essay the cultural challenges of automating donnish libraries in Tanzania. It is evident that roughly libraries, especially in the developed countries argon using automatise libraries to retrieve data, hence free space, metre and increase efficiency in their daily activities. While at that place are approximately alter libraries such as that of the University of Dar es salaam, absolute majority are operating still manually. This paper starts with introducing the paper and defining pedantic library, automate library, automated librarian and moves forward in identifying nigh octad cultural challenges that act as a stumbling block to the automation of Tanzanian libraries. Amongst those are poor reading culture, inadequate capital, availability of run, poor infra edifice, lose of ICT skills, drop of management support and th e donor funded dep eradicateency syndrome. It shoemakers lasts with a shutdown on how dress hat to overcome these stumbling blocks.Key words Challenges, automated libraries, donnish libraryIntroductionIn discussing automating Tanzania academician libraries, stumbling blocks in various forms surface, including social, cultural, academic, economic, and infrastructural, to hint a few. As for this paper however, it is intended to highlight the cultural challenges approach the automation of academic libraries. It has to be noned that there are twenty eight academic libraries across Tanzania, in both public and hidden universities (TLS, 2012). Most of these libraries are operated manually, with few remotely automated. In his paper, Kasulwa (2008), stated that 15 Universities are already in the process of automating their libraries. Out of those, only the University of Dar es salaam seemed at that time to shake completed automating its library. This paper tries to point of re ference the cultural challenges that are a result of this and provides recommendations on how to overcome these challenges in order to move to a more futuristic library.In collar the academic library, it has to be noted that this type of library is customaryly laid on the campuses of colleges and universities and serve primarily the savants and faculty of that and former(a) academic institutions. approximately academic libraries, especially those at public institutions, are accessible to members of the general public in whole or in part.Academic libraries are libraries that are hosted in post-secondary educational institutions, such as colleges and universities. The main functions of an academic library are to provide resources and search support for students and faculty of the educational institution. Specific course-related resources are usually provided by the library, such as copies of text reserves and condition readings held on reserve (meaning that they are loaned out only on a short-term basis, usually a matter of hours).Academic libraries offer soundshops and courses after-school(prenominal) of formal, graded coursework, which are meant to provide students with the tools necessary to succeed in their programs. These workshops may include help with recognitions, effective search techniques, journal databases, and electronic citation software. Workshops organized by academic libraries economic aid students in acquiring skills necessary in their academic endeavors and in the long run in their occupations, in many cases knowledge otherwise not acquired in classrooms.Depending on the disposition of the task that the student or user in general has for the library, an academic library offers both, a quite a study place and in some libraries, a discussion area. In North America, Europe, and other parts of the world, academic libraries have become more automated. As a result, users have a variety of choice in selecting their reading resources be tween printed and digital study as per need (Dowler, 1997). In many libraries, academic institutions have bid to electronic journals databases, providing research and scholarly writing software, and usually provide calculator workstations or computer labs for students to access journals, library search databases and portals, institutional electronic resources, internet access, and course- or task-related software (i.e. word processing and spreadsheet software). They are more and more acting as an electronic repository for institutional scholarly research and academic knowledge, such as the collection and duration of digital copies of students theses and dissertations, headway towards what we call the futuristic library (Anunobi et al, 2012).Tanzania is making an effort in automating the library services in all its libraries through training, aiding libraries with computers and building the capacity of rung and other stakeholders. The Tanzania Library Association supervises t hese activities and facilitates them through welcoming paper presentations, hosting workshops and training. delineate the automated library2.1 The Automated LibraryAn automated library is a robotically controlled device designed to load and unload removable cartridges without operator intervention. Cartridges are imported to and exported from the library. They are loaded and unloaded automatically. The archiving and staging processes use a site-defined scheme for allocating the number of drives to use. Automated libraries are also known as media changers, jukeboxes, robots, libraries, or media libraries.The term automated library mountain be use to describe a library where all tasks are carried out automatically. electronic computer programs substitute for the intellectually demanding tasks that are traditionally carried out by experient professionals. These tasks include selection, catalogueuing and indexing, seeking for schooling, reference services, and so on. The common the me is that these activities film considerable mental activity, the type of activity that people are good at and computers find difficult.A good examples of automated library is that of the University of Chicago, that has spent over $80 million on the Joe and Riko Mansueto Library, that is unique and handy to its end users and staff.Instead of filling the library hall with books and journals full of dust, the Mansueto library houses its table of contents fifty feet below the ground. Students and any single who wants to check out a book searches the online catalog for the item and fills out a request form. A library ships boat then tells the system to retrieve the book, prompting the robotic aspects of the library to take over. The books are retrieved by a robotic arm which returns the retentiveness bin containing the book or item.This is different, in that it reduces lounging around in the library here, boththings much more cost-effective and quick making a request and pickin g up the book can oftentimes take less than 10 minutes, depending on where the student is on campus. View the video below to get a stop idea of how the Mansueto Library does things differently. Its another very smart usage of robotic technology, one that wouldnt be out of place in Japan, where brand-new robo-tech gadgetry seems to make waves every other day.2.2 The automated LibrarianA librarian, the person who looks after the storage and retrieval of information was previously professionally trained and educated to appoint with information in a wide variety of formats and settings (WordiQ, 2010). Today, in the automated library, the librarian is expected to helps users to navigate into the voyage of internet and evaluate information efficiently. Librarian offers a helping hand for users to find out the requisite piece of information and to use it for personal and professional purposes (BLS, 2011). Due to the coming of Internet, World Wide Web and proliferation of online catal ogue, the role of librarian has been changed. Now he is more efficient and has new roles as intermediary, facilitator, end-user trainer/educator, web arranger designer, researcher, interface designer, knowledge manager/professional and sifter of information resources (Rao Babu, 2001). Librarian should be knowledgeable in a variety of information sources and follow the new trends and advancements in computers, media and publishing (Careeroverview, 2011).Cultural Challenges in automating Tanzanian LibrariesThe challenges of automated libraries qualify from country to country, while in some instances there are some similarities. Kamba (2011) identifies challenges in Nigeria as being ICT illiteracy, ICT awareness and lack of ICT framework. Muller (2005), identifies challenges veneer special libraries in South Africa as being trend change, adding prize to the special library, inadequate education on library information service, lack of or inadequate ripe benchmarking and lack of su ccession plan. As for cultural challenges in Tanzania, this paper identifies six major challenges as discussed in the sections hereinafter3.1 Poor reading culture of many university/college studentsA survey conducted by the daily news paper in 2011 at the St. Augustine University of Tanzania, reported a poor tendency of individual reading at the library, which resulted to poor assignments and research reports and in some instances even duplication of research reports. It revealed statistics of 60 portion of students enter the library for assignments and research, and 85 percent of those who do visit the library study books that are relevant in their respective courses only. As a result, the language proficiency is low, the research papers have low bore and the theory of I can read has preceded I do read. fit in to their survey, some students complete their three geezerhood in college without having visited the library at all. While this is an example in one university, experien ce reported in research and surveys reveal that the case is almost similar in many other universities across the country.3.2 lacking(predicate) CapitalThis comes in four forms. pathetic economical, cultural, social and institutional capital. The economic capital is in terms of pecuniary implications in an attempt to get connected, purchase of a computer, train trustworthy staff and students, build a user friendly infrastructure for the automated library and the likes. Cultural refers to knowledge acquired through cultural expression knowledgeable from the family socialization and education institutions. With these statistics, the uneducated outweigh the educated, posing a serious challenge on how the former influence the later in last making and studying habit. Social means the social networking and relationships benefits one can get from participating in certain library networks and databases related to bring books, journals, papers and research. As for institutional capita l, they include issues that mediate all of economic, political and social life. These include bodies that enable and support the initiatives to bring the Internet access. Inadequate capital results into poor libraries with minimum automation, poor staff with little qualification for automated libraries and poorly developed students with limited resources for their education.3.4 Availability of ServiceIn their survey on service providers, the Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority (TCRA), showed that by June 2010, only 46 (67%) out of 68 ASLs were found operating, 20 of them (30%) were not traced and 2 (3%) were not operational. Out of 46 operational licensees only 38 (83%) of them provide internet service. As a result, availability of service to end user is limited, often unreliable. Hence, even if libraries were to use their services, the library services feel would still be in jeopardy. Uncertainty in availability of services acts as a stumbling block in learning, using and communicating in an automated library environment.3.5 Infrastructure BarrierInfrastructure includes a shared, evolving, open, standardized, and mingled installed base and by as all of the people, processes, procedures, tools, facilities, and technology which supports the creation, use, transport, storage, and destruction of information, Pironti (2006). The design of information infrastructures, introduced in the 1990s and refined during the following decade, has proven quite fruitful to the Information Systems (IS) field. It changed the sentiment from organizations to networks and from systems to infrastructures, allowing for a global and emergent perspective on information systems. Information infrastructure is a technical structure of an organizational form, an analytical perspective or a semantic network. If some of the component of the automated infrastructure doesnt operate the way it should, then other parts are affected. In Tanzania, if the staff are not headspring equip ped, then they are in no good position to assist students, while if the students dont understand on how to use the infrastructure, then the staff and equipment forget not be of any use. Should the staff and students understand the computer and automated equipment, but lack computers and or electricity, then that acts as a stumbling block. Should everything be in order but the service provider are on and off, again it affects the operation of the automated library. Unfortunately, in most of the academic libraries in Tanzania, one of the above mentioned or more are off-order, hence acting as stumbling blocks to the library.3.6 Inadequate ICT skillsMost of the ICT staff and end users lack the proper know-how in usage of ICT equipment. Shortage of computers and low computer student ratio, rifle to some students not touching computer for all the three years in their academic endeavor. As a result universities find themselves with graduates who have no skills. Even the staff lack adequ ate environment to demonstrate their talents and use their talents.3.7 Lack of Management SupportThough the library is at the center of any academic institution, the management has not been supportive to modernizing and automating their services. This is often a result of minimal funds, low enrolment, never-ending priorities and ever increase competition, resulting to investing more in marketing, bettering remuneration and modernizing buildings.3.8 Donor Funded Dependency SyndromeBy definition, donor funded dependency syndrome also known as aid addiction can be defined as a situation in which a country cannot carry out its activities without the assistance of funding and expertise. It is a national pandemic, and has spread in all sectors of the country, academic institutions not exempted. time lag for sister-colleges to donate computers, printers, books, experts in automation, construction, tools, laboratory equipment and so much more. This again acts as a stumbling block in tha t in kills creativity on how best to utilize available resources and work on automating their libraries hence save space, time and increase efficiency.ConclusionThe significance of automating academic libraries can never be overlooked. The heart of the academic world lies in the library and if that is not updated, operated in an efficient and professional manner, the quality of the product from the local universities will be jeopardized. Running campaigns on significance of automating libraries, providing ICT training to librarian, academic staff and students and building a user friendly infrastructure that can facilitate the imperturbable running of an automated library will place Tanzania in a better situation academic wise and will assist it to work hand in hand with other universities across the world.